Friday, May 31, 2024

Psychosocial theory (Erikson)

The distinct 8 stages of a person’s psychosocial development (Fenske, 2020).

I realised I wanted to do an article last month on parents but ended up rushing the article on writing. Oh well, thought I could keep the streak of p words. This is about psychosocial theory by Erikson. These articles are helping me remember my school APA citation stuff.

When a baby is just born, they are in the Trust Versus Mistrust stage, so when an adult picks up the baby when they cry, they slowly develop trust with that person. Likewise, if the adult refuses to comfort the child, the child realises that the adult cannot be trusted. The next stage is Autonomy Versus Shame/Doubt, whereby a child discovers what he or she is capable of and they continue to gain confidence unless an adult intervenes and brings them shame and doubt. For instance, if a child draws on the wall, an adult can be encouraging and guide the child’s behaviour appropriately, like teaching the child to draw on paper instead, then the child learns he or she can be a talented artist. However, if that same child is scolded repeatedly, they may feel fear and anxiety, shame and doubt in drawing pictures. Chances are, they are not so willing to draw.

According to Erikson, the Initiative Versus Guilt stage is when the child has already understood they are capable by themselves, as they use their skills to navigate the world, and the main motivator for the initiative is conscience, so children build upon the previous stages to produce actions that can bring either rewards or guilt (Santrock, 2019).

As a preschool educator, my main focus is on the 2nd and 3rd stages. It is interesting to see how adults’ actions play a crucial role in the lives of the little ones. We have to be careful in how we discipline them. Too much can stifle their development while too little can cause them to have no boundaries. We need to be both firm and encouraging, to allow children to develop on their own terms and we as adults are just guides for their journeys.

References

Fenske, C. (2020, September). Stages of Psychosocial Development. Retrieved from Orchard Valley Counselling Services: https://www.orchardvalleycounselling.ca/stages-of-psychosocial-development/

Santrock, J. W. (2019). Life-span Development (17th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

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